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Monthly Archives: June 2012
Evelyn Lozada
By: Kara Marshall
I chose to follow Evelyn Lozada on twitter. Evelyn Lozada is famous because of the show Basketball Wives on VH1. Basketball Wives is a show produced by Shaunie O’neil, Shaquille O’niel’s wife, and the show is about the life and drama between several women who all are in a relationship or were previously in a relationship with a professional NBA player.
Evelyn has become very popular from the show. She is known as the very outspoken, loyal, and beautiful “Basketball Wife” to all the fans and viewers that watch the show. I would say the show helped her career take off. The fans fell in love with her personality and all her many catch phrases and sayings. Her catch phrases and saying became so popular at one point during the season that she made a shirt line with all the things Evelyn Lozada says. The shirts were a major success. That was the start for Evelyn’s media outbreak.
After the show began, Evelyn created a twitter account to keep in touch with her fans as well as publicize her life and market products. For example, a restaurant/bar called Cafe Iguana tagged Evelyn Lozada in a tweet, “The beautiful @EvelynLozada will be at #KaraokeNightOut tonight! We’re anxious to see what she’ll be wearing. She’s always on point!” Evelyn retweeted the tweet to all of her followers. This helped the restaurant to gain more costumers hoping that more people would coming knowing that Evelyn Lozada would be present. The tweet also advertised what Evelyn would be wearing. Name brand companies ask Evelyn to wear their clothes because the name brands know many girls will try to imitate Evelyn’s look and want to buy the same clothes.
Evelyn has recently written a book. The book was open to stores last week and the copies have already sold out in several stores. Her tweets lately, have mainly been about her book. She tweeted when and where she will be doing book signings as well as autographs and pictures. I believe, in Evelyn’s case, that the media has really helped her career advance in a positive way. She has become so successful with Basketball Wives and her book that her fans have persuaded her to have her own reality show called Chad and Evelyn. Her tweets have also been broadcasting her new show, letting her fans now when the world premier is and such. You can follow Evelyn Lozada for yourself on twitter at @EvelynLozada.
Celebrity Analysis, USAIN BOLT, BY: Joseph Mahfood
Joseph Mahfood
Intro to Communications
Celebrity Archeology Assignment
Usain Bolt , World record after record
He is the fastest man alive. He breaks world records like we use to break rules in high school. He is entering his third Olympics this summer and holds the 100m, the 200m and the 4 by 100m world records. I am a huge fan of the Jamaican sensation that has shocked the world, but I am very critical. Recently I have been paying closer attention to his tweets leading up to the trials for the Olympics, and they were exactly what I expected. He used his twitter account for three main reasons that included: keeping his critics quiet, keeping his fans reassured and of course representing his two main sponsors Gatorade and Puma. All photos he shared had him wearing Puma gear and a bottle of Gatorade next to him.
He keeps his critics quiet by showing the kinds of food he eats and his daily life style of staying away from drugs and a little off the party scene. He keeps his fans reassured by promising them he will stop driving fast after his two recent car crashed where he ruined his BMW M3. And he keeps his sponsors happy and popular by showing off their products. Usain uses his twitter similarly to many other celebrities and he is an athlete that feeds off of his fans energy and twitter allows him to keep them close. It allows fans to feel close to him and love him even more. However he doesn’t only use twitter for himself, but he also talks about his charity foundation and allows it to gain a lot of popularity. He also explains his preparations for the Olympics, which is what his sponsors and fans want to hear.
Since Puma signed him their sales have hit a record second quarter of 2011 at 38 million dollars. He does such a great job of advertising the product. Always representing it well. Does this entire new media help, or hurt him? Truthfully it has done nothing but help him. In a sport where people are so critical of drugs, by using twitter and showing people his daily life they began to realize that he is just another guy. Usain bolt is currently top 15 most endorsed athletes in the world, coming from a small island of Jamaica that is unbelievable. Without this new media this would never be possible and would not have the impact that on the island without it. Even though there are dark sides of Usain, such as his numerous car crashes and his wild life of partying it only shows that he is a normal guy and he is a human too. This in fact makes his fans feel closer to him. This new media, believe it or not affects all of us, as well. It allows for us to learn more about the celebrities we look up to and become sort of a part of their lives in a way. We follow them, allowing us to feel like we know them, which in return make us even more excited for them to succeed.
Exposure, and Marketing Value of Usain with Royalty worth Billions:
Two of my favorite Usain Bolt Commercials:
Celebrity Archeology: Oprah Winfrey
By: Katie Sheahin
Oprah Winfrey is an African-American woman in her late 50’s who has made a great impact in in the media world through her multi-award-winning talk show. She is known for being the richest African American of the 20th century and the greatest black philanthropist in American History. Her followers and fans range from any age, race, and sex. She is one of the figures of the 20th and 21st century that have impacted so many of our lives.
Oprah uses the ICT, Twitter in many different ways. She posts majority of her tweets in response to people she is having conversations with but she also posts thank you’s and appreciations, where she currently is and who she is with, promoting products, asking questions directed at certain people, quotes, and random facts that she did not know. For instance, in one of her tweets she says, “I had no idea what a Lamborghini costs. I said 75 grand which we had to edit out.” This is one of the many random facts she tweets about. Another example of one of the ways she uses Twitter is her saying, “On Valerie Simpsons patio talking about life after Nick.” This lets he fans know what she currently is up to. I think Oprah is using Twitter in a positive and smart way. She is promoting herself but also promoting others. I think she is using Twitter to show that even though she is a celebrity, she is also a regular person by interacting with her friends and showing her personality. I also think she is using Twitter to keep her followers/ fans in tuned to where she is and what she is doing.
I definitely think there can be a dark-side to having so much information available to the public. For starters, if people do not like how celebrities present themselves, they already have a negative outlook on them. For instance, there is an article called, ” 10 Good Reasons You Should Hate Oprah Winfrey“, that shows she is not liked by this person just because of how she presents herself. Then taking a closer look into things, celebrities have to worry about all the little details when portraying themselves on medias like Twitter, Facebook, the Internet, etc. The way one may word things can be interpreted differently, depending on the person, and this has caused some major problems for some celebrities. The article “Spilling on Twitter can result in blowback for celebs“, talks in detail about some celebrities who have had problems with posting some things that have rubbed fans and people the wrong way. For example,”Kelly Clarkson managed to draw the ire of some of her more than 944,000 followers last week when she offered an off-the-cuff endorsement for Republican presidential candidate Ron Paul…”
I think Oprah has been more helped than hurt by the new media because she is smart about what she posts. She does not seem to go on rants that could upset her followers/fans. These new medias help her stay in-tuned with her fans and followers. I think these new ICTs impact non-celebrities greatly within our daily lives. These new medias allow for people to waste hours upon hours of their day tweeting, facebooking, or searching the web. They do allow information to come to us at the snap of a finger but also can consume much of our time without even realizing it. Oprah posts a good amount. After looking at her posts from the past week, she posted every day, and many of those days numerous times. For instance, on June 24th she tweeted more than 50 times throughout the day!
Video about Twitter:
Links/Sources:
http://www.alternet.org/media/145084/10_good_reasons_you_should_hate_oprah_winfrey?page=entire
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jan/06/entertainment/la-et-twitter-rant-20120106
Celebrity Archeology: Taylor Swift
Jordan Bateson
CM 203.01
Celebrity Archeology: Taylor Swift
Due: June 28, 2012
Taylor Swift is a young lady whom for many is easy to relate to. She draws the attention and love of young children all the way up to adults. The songs she writes are about topics that young girls especially can place themselves into and put themselves into Taylor’s shoes. She writes about family, relationships, friendships, school, and many other relatable topics. Her songs for the most part are simple, as well as fun to sing along to.
Taylor’s tweets and Twitter pictures are full of family occasions, they give fans a look inside her personal life, both from the public and performing side and from the side that fans don’t generally get to see. Taylor has images of herself with her cats, a Starbucks latte with “have a great day! Taylor” written on the cup, old family photos as well as an Easter photo with herself and her mother. She also has photos of her invitation to the Academy Awards for Country Music, a few fans wearing t-shirts with her face on them, a photo of herself with her Grammy awards, a few of herself on stage, Christmas photos, herself in the recording studio, as well as a photo of her father.
Her tweets do much of the same things as her photos; along with allowing her followers inside of her life, she also supports other artists and musical talents via her Twitter. One of her tweets from April 30th reads, “Just bought @bobatl’s new album, including “Both of Us”, the song we did. Do it!!!!!!!! (too many exclamation points? Sorry I’m not sorry)” through this tweet she is helping to promote another artist’s album as well as promoting her own role in the song she performed on.
Along with her many fans, Taylor also has many people who aren’t as adoring or supportive. There are articles online such as “Why You Should Hate on Taylor Swift” written by Bill Gray and Vh1’s “5 Reason’s to Hate Taylor Swift” by Kate Spencer, who’s purposes are to spread negative feelings about the artist. Many of these articles are hating on the fact that Taylor is famous. Bill Gray printed a line stating, “So, the young woman apparently cannot sing, but we are suppose to forgive that because…” additionally he states, “As for the Kanye defense, I think we can all agree it was the best thing to ever happen to Swift’s career. She’ll probably write a fluffy song about it. Next time, let’s hope Kanye disrupts and saves us from a pitchy performance and not an acceptance speech for yet another undeserved award”. However, the hatred that surrounds Taylor Swift is nothing that other artists don’t face as well, and in order to be in the spotlight and the center of the media, she will have to get accustomed to it and learn to put up with it.
Here is a link to the mentioned “Kanye incodent”: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsnv6uYD7LA
Celebrity Archeology: Kim Kardashian
By Kaey Somorin
Kim Kardashian is one of those celebrities that people are constantly wondering why she is even famous. She is now on her seventh season of their family television show Keeping up with the Kardashian’s. This show changed her life around from being a store clerk to being the next big sex icon in Hollywood. Kim’s tweets vary from insights into her personal life all the way to advertising and endorsing products. On June 27th Kim’s twitter feed was filled with pictures of her sister Khloe Kardashian in celebration of her birthday. In contrast, some of her tweets advertise for big companies such as Apple applications, Coca Cola and Chili’s. Her ability to make it seem like her tweets are all personal is what makes her a marketing genius. For example, on June 24th she tweets about how when she can’t make it to church she goes on a website to watch Pastor Brad’s weekly message. At first glance this seems like it could be her normal Sunday ritual but in actuality she is advertising by putting a link for the website lifechangecommunity.org. She comes across on twitter as being very down to Earth and that’s why her followers fall for her advertising.
It seems that Kim Kardashian has just as many haters as she does fans. On the website Lobshots there is a blogger who goes by the name of “bp” whose posts constantly shows Kim in a negative light. Some of the titles of these posts are “Breaking: Kim Kardashian Duped America With Publicity Stunt Marriage” and “LobShots is Famous… For Threatening to KILL Kim Kardashian”. One thing is for sure that there is a price for fame. Having so much information about someone in the media is bad because it causes everyone to have an opinion on everything that happens in her life. For example, if she is seen with a certain person rumors are started and opinions are made immediately.
In this case, I think that Kim Kardashian has profited from there being new forms of media. She uses these new forms such as Twitter to reach a broader audience and get more attention. This is why she is so lucrative to big companies because millions of people follow her on Twitter to see what she is up to. Avid followers want to be just like her and therefore will be sucked into every product she endorses on her Twitter page, Facebook page and even her Instagram. With each new media Kim finds a new way to interact with her fans and keep her fame status consistent. The new ICTs impact non-celebrities because it makes us believe that we have to keep up with the latest fashions and trends. In the case of Kim Kardashian her TV show name suggests this: Keeping up with the Kardashian’s, which is nearly impossible for the average Joe. Also the new ICTs make us feel like we have a personal connection to these celebrities. By doing this it encourages us to purchase expensive tickets for concerts and sporting events to see our “friends” in person. New media like twitter urges us to constantly tweet to these celebrities for the chance that they either retweet us or maybe even follow us back. As new ICTs are formed celebrities become more important in our lives.
Video for Ad Analysis: Pat Timlin
Ad Analysis: Pat Timlin–Fiat 500 Abarth
Patrick Timlin
Dr Jonathan Lillie
Ad Analysis
Held annually, the Super Bowl Championship is world-renowned for the television advertisements it presents during commercial breaks. Corporations spend significant funds in order to produce memorable advertisements in an effort to generate a buzz about their products; a savvy business technique considering the fact that almost 200 million people watch the program. For my ad analysis I choice to critique an advertisement from the 2012 Super bowl produced by the Italian car company ‘Fiat.’ The ad is for the company’s new vehicle, the Fiat 500 Abarth, and is labeled Seduction.
The advertisement begins with a professional, young male walking down a city street wearing business attire and glasses and carrying a sophisticated, coffee-based drink. As he walks along a tall, attractive young woman wearing high-heels and a fashionable dress draws his attention. The young woman is bending over adjusting the strap of her shoe in an elegant manner. Her beauty intrigues the young man and so he begins to blatantly stare at her as she fixes her shoe. The woman gradually becomes aware of his presence and turns around to meet his gaze, catching him staring at her. She immediately confronts him, chastising him in Italian, and even slapping him across the face. As she is confronting him the camera sweeps behind her to reveal a scorpion tattoo on the nape of her neck; interesting product placement, considering the scorpion is the emblem of the company. The ad takes an interesting turn as the Italian woman pauses from screaming at the man and begins to flirt with him. She even goes as far as dipping her finger into his coffee cup and gathering a piece of whipped cream and putting it in her mouth. Their gazes once again meet, and it appears as if they are about to kiss. The young man moves in to kiss her and as he does the young woman vanishes and is replaced by the Abarth 500, procuring a chuckle from the viewing audience.
First and foremost, the fact that Fiat released this advertisement during the Super bowl makes it evident that they are trying to appeal to a male audience. An Italian company that was founded in 1899, Fiat is known to develop sleek, fashionable vehicles; and in 2009 they acquired the American car company Chrysler, probably in an attempt to appeal to the American market. However, there was one key problem with Fiat’s cars appealing to an American, male market: their size. Stereotypical, American car advertisements that are directed towards a male audience typically present their product in advertisements that portray the cars in a rustic, macho setting: thereby insinuating that the vehicle is ideal for young men. For this reason Fiat was faced with the difficult task of producing an advertisement that would make the Abarth 500 appeal to the male market. Their solution: objectifying the young, sexy, Italian woman in order to compare her to the petite-sized Abarth. By doing so, the male audience will correlate the young woman with the car, making them believe that by owning the car they will be in possession of something sleek and elegant, thereby appealing to the machismo mentality of usual car advertisements for men. Instead of owning a commanding, massive car that will generate attention from women, they can own a car that, in effect, is just attractive and exotic as any woman.
Fiat is a company that specializes in automobiles, commercial vehicles, and auto parts. Yet, it is a corporation whose brand name has more of a presence in Italy and throughout Europe, and is far less well known in the United States. At the end of 2010 Fiat’s profits was exactly 73.44 billion pounds, and in that same year they made a profit of 992 million pounds. Annually, they output approximately 2,046,060 units; meaning mostly cars. Quite obviously, Fiat is trying to break into the American market and they most likely could appeal to a female-based market due to the petite structure of the car; however, they have had much more difficulty appealing to the male audience. They faced a sizable feat in appealing to such an audience so they chose to present their ad during one of the most watched programs in the world, the Super Bowl. This ad is one of their first major promotional movements in the United States and in order to comprehend their technique it is important to consider the fact that they are trying to break into a new market. The setting alone is also very revealing about what type of male audience they are looking to draw in: the city. They are attempting to appeal to young, economy-minded young men who are looking for fuel-efficient small cars that are well-suited for the tight parking spaces of a crowded city. The brand is clearly attempting to create a reputation for the company in the United States of an elegant, stylish car that can appeal to any owner. Regardless of whatever types of response that they will receive in this coming fiscal year one thing is for sure, the ad certainly lives up to its name: Seduction.
Citations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat
Pat Timlin–Midterm Exam: Question C
Patrick Timlin
Dr. Jonathan Lillie
Midterm Examination
Summer 2012
Question C: Medium Theory by Joshua Meyrowitz
Joshua Meyrowitz
In the introduction of “Media Theory,” Joshua Meyrowitz begins by presenting a discussion on ‘first-generation medium theorists’ such as Harold Innis and Herbert McLuhan, who used historical forms of media (Papyrus, stone hieroglyphics) in order to explain the political power of ancient civilizations. He then accredits Walter Ong with mapping out the medium shift form ‘orality to literacy’ and Edmund Carpenter, Tony Schwartz and Daniel Boorstin for examining the effect that electronic media has on society. His purpose for outlining the achievements of these theorists’ is to preface his goal in writing this article: to organize all of their work into a single organized history that explains “[…] three major forms of communication: the move from traditional oral societies to modern print societies, to an electronic global culture” (Meyrowitz 63).
The first media era is traditional oral societies, which focus on the spoken repetition of poetic tales and fables that convey an important cultural tradition or law. Meyrowitz describes oral societies as being open and the opposite of hierarchical, however they are extremely limited. The stories are restricted to certain communities due to physicality and they obstruct any expression of individuality. “Individual expressions, novel ideas, and complex arguments can find little place in such cultures because they are difficult to remember and almost impossible to pass on to any significant number of others” (Meyrowitz 63). The lack of individuality, the unreliability of memory, and limitations of oral societies inspired what Meyrowitz calls the ‘traditional scribal phase.’
The transitional scribal phase refers to writing, which “begins to break down tribal cohesion and the oral mode of thinking because it offers a way to construct and preserve prose and to encode long strings of connected ideas that would be almost impossible for most people to memorize” (Meyrowitz 63). The creation of writing facilitates new ideas, creativity, science, philosophy, and literature. Those who read the same stories and reading material experience a sense of camaraderie and companionship that binds them together. Additionally, it allows the reader to expand their understanding of other cultures, and other senses of perception. However, the ‘unnaturalness’ of writing as a form of communication, and the long periods of time it takes individuals to master the skill gives way to the creation of the printing press and “the rise of modern print culture.”
The advent of the printing press culture familiarizes people with individuality and draws them away from the ‘senses’ associated with traditional oral societies. It also implements significant social change in that, “[t]he poor and illiterate remain wholly dependent on oral communication, while the upper classes and growing middle class withdraw to their libraries” (Meyrowitz 64). The printing press era also institutes the concept of an ‘assembly-line’ method, allowing the mass production of literature for a larger population of people, thereby reshaping the entire face of society. “The production of multiple copies of exactly the same text creates new conceptions of literary style, fame, authorship, and intellectual property” (Meyrowitz 65). The printing press encourages scholarship, political activism, the Scientific Revolution, and many other revolutionary, social movements. However, the print era begins to fade out in exchange for the early telegraph and then the telephone, giving way to what Meyrowitz refers to as the ‘global electronic culture.’
While the printing era led to the extinction of the ‘sensory experience’ of the oral tradition era, the electronic era revived it and implemented it in a more advanced manner. “ Unlike spoken communication, electronic communication is not subject to the physical limitations of time or space. Electronic messages can be preserved, and they can be experienced simultaneously by large numbers of people regardless of their physical locations” (Meyrowitz 65). The electronic era facilitates the concept of globalization that exposes us to new and unique concepts, appealing to our senses and mood instead of presenting us with the impersonal theories and ideas of the print era. Ultimately, the electronic era succeeds in shrinking boundaries and generating global relationships.
Following his historical timeline of media eras, Meyrowitz explains the concept of the Role Triad (group identity, socialization, and hierarchy) and the three phases of social roles. Group identity refers to an individual’s sense of self, socialization is the in-between period that one must endure before transitioning into a certain life role, and hierarchy is the organization of leadership and submissive roles in a society. These three concepts are strongly intertwined and all human beings experience these processes, oftentimes at the same time and they affect the social roles that each one of us take in society. In today’s world, the existence of cellphones, the internet, laptops, and social media have the most significant influence over our social roles. For example, adolescent teens are probably most aware of the ‘role triad’ that any other demographic, and the rise of cellular phones has completely changed the manner in which they address their roles in social circles. Cellphones have become imperative to the successful socialization of teenagers and “[t]his can be explained by the importance of the peer group and its opinions to young people. As teenagers establish their own identities, with all the angst this entails, the views and approval of the peer group becomes hugely influential. The mobile phone has become the primary way of connecting with the peer group, and these connections are nurtured constantly” (The Carphone Warehouse). The use of cell phones is vital for the successful fulfillment of the role triad, and it not only shapes the adolescent years, but goes on to affect the full-circle development of an individual and their sense of identity.
Video describing the growth in Mobile phone use in recent years:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aUQLIPdtg8
Citations
1) Elliot King, Russell Cook, and Mitchell Tropin, “Currents in Communication.”
Dubuque, IA 2010. Print
2)“The Mobile Life Youth Report 2006.” N.p., n.d. Web.
Pat Timlin–Midterm: Question A
Aside
Patrick Timlin
Dr. Jonathan Lillie
Mid-Term Exam
Summer 2012
Question A: “The Next Room”
Mitchell Stephens begins his article, The Next Room, by making the observation that in recent years our generation has responded more enthusiastically to the use of moving images in the media than to the written word. He cites “[p]hotography and film [for] the initial thrust for the image’s rise” in popularity, and that these two phenomenon are responsible for the creation of the world’s mutual obsession: television (Stephens 97). Considered by many to be the most revolutionary creation of the past 100 years, it is no longer a luxury to own a television in our society, but a necessity. Such a generalization is supported by the fact that “[…] over three billion people are already watching television regularly for an average of more than two and a half hours a day,” a statistic that only grows with each day that goes by. It is our window to the outside world and its “[…] appeal rests in large part on the easily accessible, seemingly inexhaustible diversion it supplies” (Stephens 97). However, the dawn of the television-era has subsequently triggered deterioration of language skills amongst the general population.
Americans no longer feel compelled to purchase books, papers, and magazines when they have instantaneous access to movies, news programs, and television shows. This transformation into a digital society has had the most profound on the most impressionable and easily influenced segment of the population: children. Inevitably, the existence of a television in a child’s home affects their development, shaping the way in which they perceive the world and interact with their peers. Due to their increased exposure to television and digital media, children have a remarkable “[…] facility with remote controls and joysticks, and [a] lack of facility in language” (Stephens 96). At the time that Stephens wrote this article fourteen years ago, he claimed that “[t]he average fifth-grader reports (they likely are underestimating) spending almost seven times as much time each day watching television as reading […],” and since that time the daily media diet of the average American child has evolved significantly.
Today, the prevalence of television has certainly grown, but it is no longer the only source of media that influences the lives of young Americans. With the growth of globalization has come an increased proficiency with digital media among younger Americans. Children are now exposed to digital smartphones, computers, laptops, Ipods, Facebook, Twitter, video games, and so much more.
As seen in the “Kaiser Family Foundation Study” chart above, television remains the dominant form of media used amongst young Americans, and according to an article from USA Today written by Greg Toppo, kids spend approximately 53 hours a week (7 hours and 38 minutes a day) using various forms of media (Toppo). Yet, although media use is common amongst all children, it is not uniform in terms of race. Consider the graph below:
According to the graph, white children (ages 8-18) are the most likely demographic to have a personal computer, use the internet, and use cellphones for instant messaging, while African-Americans (also aged 8-18) are more likely to play video games. Regardless of these differences in media use, it remains undisputed that young Americans are the largest consumer group of digital media, and that their use of printed publications has declined significantly. Toppo states, “[t]hough daily book readership has held steady at about 47% since 1999, the percentage of young people who say they read a magazine every day has plummeted from 55% to 35%. It’s worse for newspapers, down from 42% to 23%” (Toppo). Such statistics, that show a decline in the readership of printed publications, have sparked controversy in the form of a debate: does the expansion of media imply the decreasing intelligence and literacy of younger generations?
Undoubtedly, media use amongst children has positive aspects. Television specials such as ‘Sesame Street’ or the Disney Channel provide children with illustrative stories of important life lessons, and an understanding of computers and the Internet is essential for them to be able to function in a world dominated by technology. Television (and all forms of media) can only negatively impact a child’s development in terms of inappropriate content and overuse; too much media use can stunt the developmental of a child, harm their social skills, and impair their perception of reality. Marie Evans Schmidt and Elizabeth Vandewater underline this point by saying, “[…] the negative association was between achievement and entertainment viewing; educational TV viewing was generally linked positively with reading achievement. This finding is consistent with other research that suggests that TV’s effects on reading are largely dependent on the content viewed” (Schmidt & Vandewater).
A video on the negative effects that television can have on children:
Citations
1) Elliot King, Russell Cook, and Mitchell Tropin, “Currents in Communication.”
Dubuque, IA 2010. Print
2) “Children and Electronic Media.” N.p., n.d. Web.
3) Toppo, Greg. “Kids’ Electronic Media Use Jumps to 53 Hours a Week.” USA Today. 20
January 23 2010: n. page. Web. 25 Jun. 2012.
<http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2010-01-20-1Avideokids20_ST_N.htm>.
9 AM Communications 